How Russian and Belarusian birch plywood producers circumvent EU sanctions

1. Birch plywood is

manufactured in Russia

and Belarus, which are

under sanction from

the EU

Russia

EU

Belarus

China

Kazakhstan

Turkey

Georgia

3. Plywood, relabelled

or made from materials

from Russia and Belarus,

can then be imported

freely into the EU

2. Plywood, logs and

veneer are shipped

to intermediary

countries not under

EU sanction

1. Birch plywood is manufactured

in Russia and Belarus, which are

under sanction from the EU

Russia

EU

Belarus

China

Kazakhstan

Turkey

Georgia

3. Plywood, relabelled or made

from materials from Russia

and Belarus, can then be

imported freely into the EU

2. Plywood, logs and

veneer are shipped to

intermediary countries

not under EU sanction

1. Birch plywood is manufactured

in Russia and Belarus, which are

under sanction from the EU

Russia

EU

Belarus

China

Kazakhstan

Turkey

Georgia

2. Plywood, logs and veneer

are shipped to intermediary

countries not under

EU sanction

3. Plywood, relabelled or made

from materials from Russia

and Belarus, can then be imported

freely into the EU

1. Birch plywood is manufactured

in Russia and Belarus, which are

under sanction from the EU

Russia

EU

Belarus

China

Kazakhstan

Turkey

Georgia

2. Plywood, logs and veneer are

shipped to intermediary countries

not under EU sanction

3. Plywood, relabelled or made from

materials from Russia and Belarus,

can then be imported freely into the EU