Non-EU (IPS-based)
EU (IPS-based)
Non-EU (experimental)
EU (experimental)
1.0m
Change of
source
First Covid
lockdown
0.8
Start of new
immigration
system
31 Dec 2020
0.6
EU referendum
23 Jun 2016
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
1991
2001
2011
2015
2019
2023
Non-EU (IPS-based)
EU (IPS-based)
Non-EU (experimental)
EU (experimental)
1.0m
Change of source
First Covid lockdown
0.8
Start of new
immigration
system
31 Dec 2020
EU referendum
23 Jun 2016
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
1991
2001
2011
2013
2015
2017
2019
2021
2023