Do you think the EU generally played a positive or negative role in the following crises?

Average across 12 countries polled, %

Covid-19 pandemic

31%

35%

35%

Don’t know

Negative

Positive

The war in Ukraine

29

34

37

Financial crisis in the EU

20

39

41

The war in Gaza

10

55

35

Don’t know

Negative

Positive

Covid-19 pandemic

31%

35%

35%

The war in Ukraine

29

34

37

Financial crisis in the EU

20

39

41

The war in Gaza

10

55

35

Guardian graphic. Source: ECFR survey conducted by YouGov and Datapraxis in January 2024 in Austria, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain and Sweden. Note: figures may not add up to 100% due to rounding