Thousands of extra seats will be needed on public transport for morning peak-time travel in four English cities by 2050

Renaissance scenario. City centres remain optimal

for business, hub effect generates growth

Recovery, peak day. City centres remain important

for business but central location less advantageous

due to hybrid working. Peak level of commuting

Recovery, average day. As above but with average l

evel of commuting

Urban dispersal. Increased uptake in home/hybrid

working. Large decline in role of city centres as

growth-generating hubs

Thousand extra seats

10

0

20

30

Birmingham

Manchester

Leeds

Bristol

Renaissance scenario. City centres remain optimal for business, hub effect generates growth

Recovery, peak day. City centres remain important for business but central

location less advantageous due to hybrid working. Peak level of commuting

Recovery, average day. As above but with average level of commuting

Urban dispersal. Increased uptake in home/hybrid working.

Large decline in role of city centres as growth-generating hubs

35 thousand extra seats

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

Birmingham

Manchester

Leeds

Bristol