Doomsday Clock moved forward to 90 seconds to midnight

Symbolic countdown calculated annually in response to events the previous year

1.

1949

2.

1952

USSR’s first

nuclear test

US tests first

hydrogen

bomb

3.

1991

4.

1998

End of

cold war

India and

Pakistan

tit-for-tat

nuclear tests

6.

2015

5.

2006

North Korea

conducts

nuclear test

Climate change

and nuclear

weapons

modernisation

7.

2018

8.

2020

Failure of

world leaders

to address

threats to

humanity

Erosion of

nuclear arms

control and

inadequate

climate change response

9.

2023

Mounting nuclear risks in Ukraine war

 

1.

1949

2.

1952

3.

1991

USSR’s first

nuclear test

US tests first

hydrogen

bomb

End of cold war

4.

1998

5.

2006

6.

2015

India and Pakistan

tit-for-tat nuclear

tests

North Korea

conducts

nuclear test

Worsening

climate change

and nuclear

weapons

modernisation

7.

2018

8.

2020

9.

2023

Failure of world

leaders to address

threats to

humanity

Erosion of nuclear

arms control and

inadequate

climate change

response

Mounting

nuclear

risks in

Ukraine war