Intramuscular vaccination
Injected vaccines stimulate a response in the systemic immune system. They are effective at protecting against serious illness and death but do not stop people becoming infected
Intranasal vaccination
Nasal vaccines primarily target mucosal immune cells, which are the first line of defence against respiratory infection. Scientists hope that these vaccines could prevent people from becoming infected with Covid in the first place
Trachea
Lower
respiratory
tract
Lungs
Intramuscular vaccination
Injected vaccines stimulate a response in the systemic immune system. They are effective at protecting against serious illness and death but do not stop people becoming infected
Intranasal vaccination
Nasal vaccines primarily target mucosal immune cells, which are the first line of defence against respiratory infection. Scientists hope that these vaccines could prevent people from becoming infected with Covid in the first place
Trachea
Lower
respiratory
tract
Lungs