10%
Black Wednesday
Covid-19
8
6
Brexit vote
2008
financial crisis
4
2
0
-2
1990
2000
2010
2020
Black Wednesday, the UK government is forced to withdraw the pound from the European exchange rate mechanism
Covid-19 causes the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression
10%
8
Gordon Brown hands independence to the Bank of England for setting interest rates to manage inflation
2008
financial
crisis
Brexit vote triggers a sharp fall in the pound, leading inflation to rise as imports become more expensive
6
4
2
0
-2
1990
2000
2010
2020