The far-right pundit Éric Zemmour shakes up French election as he comes from nowhere to threaten Marine Le Pen

First-round preferences from opinion polls

30%

Macron

25

20

Le Pen

15

Zemmour

10

Ifop poll putting Zemmour on 17% did not include Le Pen in the list of candidates put to respondents

5

0

J

F

M

A

M

J

J

A

S

O

30%

Macron

25

Le Pen

20

15

Zemmour

Ifop poll putting Zemmour on 17% did not include Le Pen in the list of candidates put to respondents

10

5

0

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Guardian graphic. Source: nsppolls. Note: polls averaged for any given day and averaged across scenarios, ie Marine Le Pen may get more or less support in opinion polls depending on who is given as her opponent on the centre-right, and pollsters usually ask the question twice