Human traffickers use a drug-smuggling route to send Afghan migrants overland to Turkey

Some Afghan migrants cross directly into Iran but checkpoints make these routes more dangerous and expensive

Most migrant journeys start in Afghanistan's Nimruz province. The mountainous route through Pakistan into Iran is also used for drug smuggling and known as the 'golden crescent'

Human traffickers use a drug-smuggling route to send Afghan migrants overland to Turkey

Some Afghan migrants cross directly into Iran but checkpoints make these routes more dangerous and expensive

Most migrant journeys start in Afghanistan's Nimruz province

The mountainous route through Pakistan into Iran is also used for drug smuggling and known as the 'golden crescent'