Ripples in spacetime – detecting gravitational waves

What is a gravitational wave?

Rippling out from a super–massive collision, gravitational waves can be detected through the stretching and contracting of spacetime

How Ligo and Virgo's detectors work

Laser beam

Mirror

1

A single laser beam is split and directed down two identical tubes, 4km long

2

2

Mirrors reflect the twin beams back to a detector

1

Detector

building

3

Back inside the detector, the laser beams arrive perfectly aligned

3

4

Recombined, they cancel each other out

4

No light is detected

How are gravitational waves detected?

1

When spacetime is distorted by a gravity wave, the two tubes change length. One tube stretches as the other contracts over and over until the wave has passed

Contraction

Expansion

2

As the distances fluctuate the peaks and troughs of the two returning laser beams move in and out of alignment

2

3

The recombined waves no longer cancel each other out. Light reaches the detector and the gravitational wave can be measured

3

Light is detected

What is a gravitational wave?

Rippling out from a super–massive collision, gravitational waves can be detected through the stretching and contracting of spacetime

How Ligo and Virgo's detectors work

Laser beam

Mirror

1

A single laser beam is split and directed down two identical tubes, 4km long

3

Back inside the detector, the laser beams arrive perfectly aligned

2

3

2

Mirrors reflect the twin beams back to a detector

4

Recombined, they cancel each other out

1

4

Detector

building

No light is detected

How are gravitational waves detected?

1

When spacetime is distorted by a gravity wave, the two tubes change length. One tube stretches as the other contracts over and over until the wave has passed

2

As the distances fluctuate the peaks and troughs of the two returning laser beams move in and out of alignment

3

The recombined waves no longer cancel each other out. Light reaches the detector and the gravitational wave can be measured

Contraction

2

Expansion

3

Light is detected