How close are we to a vaccine?

More than 170 teams of researchers are racing to develop a safe and effective vaccine

Pre-clinical

vaccines not yet in human trials

Phase 1

vaccines in small-scale safety trials

Phase 2

vaccines in expanded safety trials

Phase 3

vaccines in large-scale efficacy trials

The Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine was reported to prevent 90% of infections in trials, much better than experts had expected

Pre-clinical

vaccines not yet

in human trials

Phase 1

vaccines in small-

scale safety trials

Phase 2

vaccines in expanded

safety trials

Phase 3

vaccines in large-

scale efficacy trials

The Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine was reported to prevent 90% of infections in trials, much better than experts had expected

Pre-clinical

vaccines not yet in

human trials

Phase 1

vaccines in small-

scale safety trials

Phase 2

vaccines in expanded

safety trials

Phase 3

vaccines in large-

scale efficacy trials

The Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine was reported to prevent 90% of infections in trials, much better than experts had expected