Iran’s reach and influence

Direct proxies

Influence and alliances

Turkey

Syria

Iran

Lebanon

Afghanistan

Iraq

Pakistan

West Bank

and Gaza Strip

Saudi Arabia

Yemen

Partners, proxies and influence

Iraqi Shia militias

Hezbollah

Houthi rebels

Hamas

Taliban

Shia foreign fighters

Iran’s reach and influence

Proxies

Influence and alliances

Turkey

Tehran

Syria

Iraq

Lebanon

Iran

Afghanistan

West Bank

and Gaza Strip

Kuwait

Pakistan

The Gulf

Partners, proxies

and influence

Saudi Arabia

Hezbollah

Iraqi Shia militias

Houthi rebels

Hamas

Taliban

Yemen

Shia foreign

fighters