How Erdoğan compared: 2

Left

Right

Not

populist

Somewhat

populist

Populist

Very

populist

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

1.3

Evo Morales

(2006-14)

0.9

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan

(2007-14)

0.9

Silvio Berlusconi

(2008-11)

0.9

Viktor Orbán

(2010-14)

0.2

Nicolas Sarkozy (2007-12)

0.2

Barack Obama (2009-16)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

Not

populist

Somewhat

populist

Populist

Very

populist

Not populist

Somewhat populist

Populist

Very populist

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

1.3

Left

Evo Morales (2006-14)

Right

0.9

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan

(2007-14)

0.9

Silvio Berlusconi (2008-11)

0.9

Viktor Orbán (2010-14)

0.2

Nicolas Sarkozy (2007-12)

0.2

Barack Obama (2009-16)

Not populist

Somewhat populist

Populist

Very populist

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0