Left
Right
Not
populist
Somewhat
populist
Populist
Very
populist
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
1.6
Nicolás Maduro
1.5
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (2014-18)
0.9
Viktor Orbán
(2010-18)
0.8
Donald Trump
(2016-present)
0.5
Jair Bolsonaro (2019-present)
0.5
Theresa May
(2016-present)
0.1
Gordon Brown (2007-10)
0.1
Tony Blair (2001-07)
0
David Cameron (2010-16)
0
Angela Merkel (2006-present)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Not
populist
Somewhat
populist
Populist
Very
populist
Not populist
Somewhat populist
Populist
Very populist
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
1.6
Left
Nicolás Maduro
Right
1.5
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (2014-18)
0.9
Viktor Orbán (2010-18)
0.8
Donald Trump (2016-present)
0.5
Jair Bolsonaro (2019-present)
0.5
Theresa May
(2016-present)
0.1
Gordon Brown (2007-10)
0.1
Tony Blair (2001-07)
0
David Cameron (2010-16)
0
Angela Merkel (2006-present)
Not populist
Somewhat populist
Populist
Very populist
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0