Left
Right
Neither
Not
populist
Somewhat
populist
Populist
Very
populist
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
1.8
Hugo Chávez (1996-12)
1.6
Nicolás Maduro (2013-18)
1.5
Evo Morales (2006-09)
1.5
Evo Morales (2015-present)
1.5
Rafael Correa (2007-17)
1.0
AM López Obrador
(2018-present)
1.0
Evo Morales (2010-14)
0.5
Jair Bolsonaro (2019-present)
0.3
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2003-10)
0
Mauricio Macri (2015-present)
0
Álvaro Uribe Vélez (2002-10)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Not
populist
Somewhat
populist
Populist
Very
populist
Not populist
Somewhat populist
Populist
Very populist
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
1.8
Left
Hugo Chávez (1996-12)
Right
1.6
Neither
Nicolás Maduro (2013-18)
1.5
Evo Morales (2006-09)
1.5
Evo Morales (2015-present)
1.5
Rafael Correa (2007-17)
1.0
Andrés Manuel López Obrador (2018-present)
1.0
Evo Morales (2010-14)
0.5
Jair Bolsonaro (2019-present)
0.3
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2003-10)
0
Mauricio Macri (2015-present)
0
Álvaro Uribe Vélez (2002-10)
Not populist
Somewhat populist
Populist
Very populist
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0