There has been a long-term rise in volatility as voters begin to turn away from major parties

Guardian graphicSource: Griffiths, Perrett, Fieldhouse, Green, J., Mellon, J., Bailey, J., and Evans, G., 2026. The Brexit realignment amid electoral volatility: The role of party blocs in the 2024 General Election. Parliamentary AffairsNotes: Research used British Election Survey panel data.