Mortality rates across Europe during the pandemic, 1918-19

Total deaths and % increase caused by Spanish flu

Expected mortality

Cumulative excess deaths

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1m

Germany 73%

Italy 172%

France 66%

Spain 87%

England and Wales 55%

Portugal 102%

Bulgaria 102%

Finland 33%

The Netherlands 84%

Sweden 74%

Switzerland 69%

Scotland 57%

Norway 65%

Denmark 58%